
Discrimination, Bullying and Harassment
When we represent employees in court proceedings or even negotiations with their employer, we often find that bullying, sexual harassment or discrimination is involved in some way or another.
The Federal Government’s Fair Work Act protects against discrimination for employees covered by the federal system. One way that the Fair Work Act does this is through its “general protections provisions”.
Section 351 of the Fair Work Act states that an employer must not take “adverse action” against an employee, or prospective employee, because of race, colour, sex, sexual orientation, breastfeeding, gender identity, intersex status, age, physical or mental disability, marital status, family or carer’s responsibilities, subjection to family and domestic violence, pregnancy, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin.
“Adverse action” by an employer can include any of the following: terminating the employee, withholding an employee’s legal entitlements (such as annual leave pay), injuring the employee, demoting an employee, refusing to hire a prospective employee, and treating an employee differently to other employees.
Outside of the Fair Work Act, there are laws such as the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth), the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth), the Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) and, in Western Australia, the Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (WA).
How We Can Help
Bullying
Bullying at work is repeated unreasonable behaviour towards you that creates a risk to your health or safety. The Fair Work Commission, and for WA state-system workers the WAIRC, can order it to stop. Here is how the law works and what else you can do.
Sexual Harassment Lawyers
Sexual harassment is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that a reasonable person would have anticipated might offend, humiliate or intimidate you. In Western Australia you can take it to the Fair Work Commission, the Australian Human Rights Commission, the WA Equal Opportunity Commission or, for state-system workers, the WAIRC. Compensation is available, and the employer is usually liable too.
Disability Discrimination
The term ‘disability’ is quite broad and includes any condition caused by an accident, trauma, disease or genetic predisposition that restricts the mental, sensory or mobility functioning of a person. Disability can be a permanent or temporary medical condition, partial or total, chronic or acquired, visible or invisible.
Pregnancy & Family Or Carer’s Responsibilities
The law protects you from being treated less favourably at work because you are pregnant, might become pregnant, are breastfeeding, have taken or asked for parental leave, or have responsibilities to care for a child or family member. It also gives you minimum leave and return-to-work rights.
Age Discrimination
Discrimination based on age, whether young or old, is unlawful. Age discrimination can often be subtle. Many people over 50 have been treated less favourably because of their age, which is illegal. MKI Legal has experience assisting employees to lodge age discrimination claims and obtain financial compensation.
Gender Discrimination
Discriminating based on any gender, including transgender identity, is illegal. The law protects victims of sex discrimination and gives them a right to lodge a claim if they experience either direct or indirect discrimination at work.
Racial Discrimination
It is unlawful to treat you less favourably at work because of your race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin, or to racially abuse or harass you. The Fair Work Act, the Racial Discrimination Act and the WA Equal Opportunity Act all protect you.
Sexual Orientation Discrimination
It's unlawful to discriminate against, treat unfavourably or treat differently any employee or prospective employee based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status.
Religious Discrimination
Discrimination based on an employee or prospective employee’s religion, religious affiliation, religious beliefs, religious convictions or religious activities including religious dress is unlawful.
Other Types Of Discrimination
Beyond sex, race, age, disability and religion, the law also protects you from discrimination because of your political opinion, marital status, breastfeeding, being subject to family and domestic violence, union membership or activity, and some less familiar grounds. Some of these protections are narrower than they sound.
Where To Make A Discrimination Complaint
If you have been discriminated against at work in Western Australia, there are usually three places you can go: the Fair Work Commission, the Australian Human Rights Commission, or the WA Equal Opportunity Commission. Each has its own time limit and remedies, and choosing one usually closes the others.
The Positive Duty To Prevent Sexual Harassment
Employers must now take reasonable and proportionate measures to eliminate sexual harassment, sex discrimination and hostile workplaces as far as possible, rather than waiting for a complaint. Here is what the duty requires, who enforces it, and what it means for you.
Case studies
How the law played out in real cases

Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) · 28 August 2026
Called a 'stupid coconut' at work, hotel worker awarded $120,000
Vunipola v Redmond Company Pty Ltd
$120,000 general damages, plus $9,540 for treatment and costsRead the case study
Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) · 30 June 2026
A decade of alleged slurs, no complaint to HR, and the claim fails
Te Whaiti v Winc Australia Pty Ltd
Claim dismissedRead the case study
Fair Work Commission (Full Bench) · 22 May 2026
Her bullying case was thrown out while she was off work, without warning
Michelle Shamoell v Excelsia University College
Dismissal overturned, case sent backRead the case study
Federal Court of Australia · 23 December 2025
Pregnant carer dismissed after a flexible work dispute: why she lost
Talaugon v Allight Pty Ltd
Claim dismissedRead the case study
Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Division 2) · 30 October 2025
Stevedore dismissed as unfit loses disability discrimination case
Mullaney v Qube Ports Pty Ltd
Claim dismissed, with costs; appeal dismissedRead the case study
Fair Work Commission · 13 October 2025
A nurse's 12 bullying complaints, and why none were bullying in law
Mrs Prabhjot Kaur
Stop-bullying order refusedRead the case study
Published decisions of courts and tribunals, summarised in plain English from the published decision. Every case turns on its own facts.